Cultivating Change: Nigeria’s AFOLU Sector as a Cornerstone of Climate Action

The Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use (AFOLU) is a collective term that categorises human activities influencing the movement of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), between the Earth’s surfaces and the atmosphere. Each time we choose to plant, to build, or which forest or wetland to protect, we’re shaping a global climate equation. This influence ranges from farming and livestock to forestry and the conversion or management of croplands, grasslands, savannas, wetlands, and settlements.

What makes AFOLU both compelling and consequential is its dual role. AFOLU “behaves like a swing”; meaning that, depending on how land is managed within the Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use sector, it can either be a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions (by degrading ecosystems like deforestation) or a carbon sink (by actively planting trees and managing land sustainably), thereby impacting the rate of global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessments (2022) show that land use contributes roughly a fifth of total human greenhouse gas emissions.

Yet, the land surface, through forests and soils, also absorbs a significant share of human-generated CO2 (Carbon dioxide) through a process called carbon sequestration, acting as a natural carbon sink . This global swing is not abstract; its fingerprints are visible in everyday Nigeria’s day-to-day land choices.

Deforestation: A Critical Threat to Sustainable Water Resources

Nigeria, a nation rich in biodiversity, is facing the challenge of water scarcity. A significant, yet often underestimated, contributor to this is deforestation.

Forest ecosystems are integral in sustaining water resources by protecting river catchments, maintaining rainfall patterns, and filtering water naturally. (10) Forests significantly enhance soil moisture retention, minimizing surface runoff, storing considerable volumes of water within their canopy, and facilitating the gradual infiltration and percolation of water into the subsurface (3).

The continuous degradation and clearing of forest reserves in the country disrupts its natural hydrological processes, jeopardizing the sustainability of freshwater resources for millions (8).

Powering a Greener Tomorrow: Highlights from The DinSummit on Nigeria’s Sustainable Future

What if Nigeria could cut its carbon emissions, reduce air pollution, and expand clean energy access all at once? That bold vision took center stage at the 2025 Decarbonizing Infrastructure in Nigeria Summit (DINSUMMIT). With the theme “Unlocking Climate Finance for Sustainable Development,” the summit brought together key players from government, industry, and civil society to accelerate Nigeria’s transition away from carbon-intensive energy sources toward a sustainable, low-carbon economy.

For decades, Nigeria’s infrastructure has relied heavily on diesel and other fossil fuels to power construction, operations, and maintenance, especially in critical facilities like hospitals, schools, and government buildings. This dependency has led to high greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, degraded air quality, and increased public health risks. To address this, the government, through the Office of the Vice President launched DINSUMMIT as a strategic response to the environmental and economic challenges posed by fossil fuel reliance.

Decarbonizing Nigeria’s Mining Sector: Strategies for Achieving Net-Zero Emissions

Mining has historically served as a cornerstone of Nigeria’s economic development, with notable resource extraction activities ranging from Tin in Jos and Gold in Zamfara to Lithium in Nasarawa. The country’s substantial endowment of mineral resources presents significant economic opportunities; however, these benefits are accompanied by critical environmental challenges. The mining sector contributes considerably to greenhouse gas emissions, primarily through the combustion of fossil fuels, deforestation, and unsustainable operational practices.

Nature-based Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation: How Nigeria Can Build a Greener, Safer Future with Nature’s Help

From the submerged streets of Victoria Island during a downpour to the blistering, sun-baked landscapes of the Sahelian north, Nigeria is on the front lines of a climate crisis. So far, rising temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and increased frequency of flooding have disrupted many lives and exacerbated existing vulnerabilities and conflicts, jeopardizing the country’s socio-economic stability.